The cavernous sinus is a complex structure susceptible to a wide variety of vascular, neoplastic and inflammatory pathologies. Vascular pathologies include ICA aneurysms, carotid-cavernous fistulas, cavernous sinus thrombosis, and cavernous hemangioma. Neoplasms that involve the cavernous sinus include pituitary adenoma, meningioma, schwannoma, lymphoma, perineural tumor spread, metastases, and direct tumor invasion. Infectious and inflammatory diseases include Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, IgG-4 related disease and invasive fungal infections.
Review Clin Imaging
Cavernous sinus lesions
Kamran Munawar 1, Gopi Nayak 1, Girish M Fatterpekar 1, Chandra Sen 2, David Zagzag 3, Elcin Zan 1, Mari Hagiwara 4Affiliations expand
- PMID: 32574933
- DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.06.029
Abstract
The cavernous sinus is a complex structure susceptible to a wide variety of vascular, neoplastic and inflammatory pathologies. Vascular pathologies include ICA aneurysms, carotid-cavernous fistulas, cavernous sinus thrombosis, and cavernous hemangioma. Neoplasms that involve the cavernous sinus include pituitary adenoma, meningioma, schwannoma, lymphoma, perineural tumor spread, metastases, and direct tumor invasion. Infectious and inflammatory diseases include Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, IgG-4 related disease and invasive fungal infections. In this article, we review the clinical and imaging findings of a number of pathologies involving the cavernous sinus, focusing on key features that can narrow the differential diagnosis and, in some cases, support a particular diagnosis.
Keywords: Carotid-cavernous fistula; Cavernous sinus; Head and neck; Meningioma; Neuroradiology; Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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